Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gums found in removable dentures. It is an oral lesion that is more common in edentulous patients. It affects one-third of prosthetic wearers. The most prominent etiological factors in the literature are trauma caused by poorly fitting dentures, poor oral and prosthetic hygiene, and an infectious factor. Denture stomatitis is usually caused by candida, a type of fungus. It is normal to have a small amount of candida in your mouth. But when there is an imbalance, candida can get out of control, causing a fungal infection.
Trauma caused by an unstable prosthesis and constant wearing of the prosthesis also promote this disease. Prosthetic stomatitis is more common in patients with protein, diabetes, vitamin A and B deficiency or iron deficiency, and systemic factors that affect the prevalence of a disease in the community over a period of time, and in patients receiving immune system therapy.
What are the Symptoms of Denture Stomatitis?
The clinical manifestations are localized or generalized inflammation, which may be accompanied by papillary hyperplasia (inflammation of the taste buds of the palate). The affected tissue area appears as redness, irritation or swelling, especially on the palate. Thrush, which looks like light-colored patches, can appear on the gums, lips, inner cheeks, tongue, and palate. It also causes pain or discomfort when swallowing, pain in the mouth and throat. In some people, it manifests itself with cracks on the edge of the mouth.
Prosthetic stomatitis is usually asymptomatic and usually detected by a healthcare professional. That’s why it’s important to make regular visits to your dentist.
How Common Is Denture Stomatitis?
Denture stomatitis is one of the most common conditions affecting denture wearers. Research studies have shown that the condition affects up to 70% of dentures wearers. Statistically, people who wear full dentures are more likely to develop the condition than people who wear partial dentures.
What Causes Denture Related Stomatitis?
There are several factors that can cause the development of denture stomatitis. Some of the most common causes are:
.Wearing dentures for a long time
.Poor oral hygiene
A diet rich in sugar and carbohydrates
.To smoke
.Alcohol use
.Broad spectrum antibiotics
Other risk factors include:
.Age (condition is more common in people 65 years and older)
.Nutritional deficiencies
.Endocrine dysfunction
.Immune suppression
Is Denture Stomatitis Contagious?
It usually isn’t. Denture-associated stomatitis is not contagious in people who are not currently at risk. However, those prone to oral thrush may develop the condition if they get candida.
How Is Denture Stomatitis Diagnosed?
Generally, oral stomatitis is diagnosed during a dental exam. Your dentist can tell if you have the condition based on the redness in your mouth. They may also clean your mouth and send the sample to a pathology lab to confirm your diagnosis.
How Do You Treat Prosthetic Stomatitis?
There are several different treatment options:
.Anti-fungal therapy: The first line of defense is usually anti-fungal medications such as nystatin or miconazole. These medications are usually given as lozenges. In some cases, you may be given anti-fungal ointments to reduce your symptoms.
.Laser therapy: Your dentist may use low-energy laser therapy to treat oral stomatitis, especially when antifungal medications are not working.
.Surgical procedure: Some patients develop small nodules on their palate. This can interfere with your denture and prevent it from fitting properly. In these cases, your dentist may perform minor surgery to remove these nodules. Also, your dentist will clean and polish it to prevent microorganisms from contaminating your denture. They will also check your bite and make any necessary adjustments. In some cases, a new denture may be necessary.
How Can You Reduce Your Risk for Denture Stomatitis?
The best way to prevent it is to practice excellent oral hygiene. Brush your teeth and gums at least twice a day and rinse with antimicrobial mouthwash. You should also avoid smoking as it can increase your risk of oral infections. Finally, be sure to remove your dentures for at least 8 hours every day. This will rest your tissues and prevent denture scars from developing.
